Fuel-injection valve



Feb. 28, 1928.

c. H. KENNEWEG FUEL INJECTION VALVE Filed March 81, 1926 Patented Feb. 28, 1928.

UNITED STATES CHRISTIAN H. KENNEWEG, or MILLVALE, 1 ENNsYLVANIA.

FUEL-INJECTION VALVE.

Application filed March 31, 1926. Serial No. 98,752.

' adaptable to fuel injection valves for use on internal combustion engines wherein the fuel is injected under high pressure.

Leakage of the fuel from the valve body around the valve-actuating mechanism presents one of the most seriousdifliculties encountered in the use of high pressure fuel injecting and measuring means. I provide an improved form of valve, wherein the possibility of leakage from the valve body is obviated. This is accomplished by the provision of an improved packing means in connection with an improved type of valve operating mechanism.

I further provide an improved valve capable of being disassembled "and cleaned with a minimum of effort, the valve body and actuating mechanism being so designed that the valve needle may be withdrawn from the valve body without disturbing the actuating mechanism in any Way.

Further advantages peculiar to my improved valve construction will be more particularly hereinafter'set forth. Likewise, a complete understanding of the type of engine which may profitably employ this valve may be hadby reference to my copending application on internal combustion engines, Serial 'No. 739,019.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating the present preferred embodiment of my invention,-

Figure l shows a side elevation, partly in section, of an internal combustion engine with my improved valve applied thereto; I

Figure 2 is a top plan view, partly broken away, of the valve body and mechanism,

Figure 3 is an end .elevation, partly in section, showing the method of packing the valve operating mechanism, and

Figure 4 is a detail section showing the valve seat.

Referring to Figure 1, in the illustrated embodiment, there is shown an injection valve having a body 2 adjacent the combustion chamber 3 in the internal combustion'engin'e generally designated 4. Within the body 2 is a valve needle 5 terminating in a valve seat 6 through which communication is established into the combustion chamber 3. The valve'seat 6, as illustrated in Figure 4, is preferably removable from the body 2 for purposes of inspection or repairing and may be adjusted to vary the size of the opening between it and the valve. 'The valve needle 5 is normally urged into closed relationship with the seat 6 by a spring '1 coiled about the outer end of the needle 5 and abutting a collar 8 thereon. Pressure is exerted on the spring 7 by a cap 9 which closes the outer end of the body 2.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the needle 5 lies wholly within the body 2 and packing of the needle 5 is entirely un-- necessary. This condition is highly desirable in that the needle 5 has a longitudinal motion, thereby rendering it difiicult to pack against high pressure.

, Fuel is admitted to the body 2 by means of a pipe 10 connected toa cap 11, the said cap serving to close the top of the body 2. The fuel admitted to the interior of the body 2 isaccommodated in a chamber 12 of such size as to accommodate'the valve mechanism and, at the same time, constitute a small reservoir for the fuel.

Communicating with the chamber 12 and constituting an-extension thereof, is a longitudinal passage 13 which terminates at the valve seat 6. The passage 13 is coaxial with the needle 5, and its internal diameter is slightly larger than the external diameter of the needle. It will be apparent, therefore, that fuel proceeding from the chamber" 12 to the combustion chamber 3 is spread out in a thin cylindrical film in the passage 13. As clearly shown in Figure 4, the inner portion of the needle 5 has a number of grooves 14 cut thereon whereby small particles of dirt are removed from the fuel as it moves along the passage 13 in a thin stream.

The liquid fuel is gasified in the passage 13 by a heating wire 15. 'The heating wire 15 is secured at one end to the body 2 (Figure 4), is givena few turns thereround to insure a good contact, and is then wrapped over a mica covering 16 for a suitable distance along the body 2. In order to insulate the several turns ofthe wire 15. an

asbestos cord 17 is wound over the mica intermediate the windings of resistance wire. In order to conserve as much electrlcal energy as possible, the heated element is encased in a porcelain sleeve 19, it being observed, of course, that any other suitable insulating material may be used in place of the mica layers 18. The outer end of the wire 15 is taken out through the body 2 by a suitable insulated terminal 20. A 4

The body 2 and the porcelain sleeve 19 are securely fastened to the engine head 21 by cap screws 22, a layer of suitable packing material 23, such as lead, being inserted between the body 2 and the sleeve 19 to insure a tight fit.

Motion of the needle 5 is controlled by fingers 5 cooperating with the collar 8. The fingers 5 are carried by a vertical rod 24; supporting a cam follower 25 at its lower end, the cam follower 25 being act-uated by a suitablecam 26. The rod 24 is preferably guided by a suitable supporting arm 27 carried by the engine 4.

From the drawings, it will be clear that there is but one moving part which needs to be packed, namely, the rod 24. In my improved construction the needle 5, its spring return means 7, and its operating fingers 23, all lie wholly within the body portion 2. It is to be noted that in my mechanism, the member packed (the rod 24) has a rotary motion, thereby rendering package against high pressure less difiicult than if the member had a longitudinal motion.

The primary packing on the rod 24 comprises a beveled collar 27*, preferably formed integral with the rod 24, cooperating with a ground seat 28 formed in the body 2. The collar 27 is held in closed relationship with the seat 28 by the fuel pressure and by .a compression spring 29 guided in a hole 30 in the cap 11. The spring 29 is placed under compression by drawing down the cap screws 31, which hold the cap 11 to the body 2, during assembly.

Secondary packing of the rod 24 is accomplished by means of packing material 32 which surrounds the rod 24 and is forced thereagainst by a gland 33, said gland being controlled by a nut 34- which engages the body port-ion 2.

It will thus be seen that I- provide. a fuel injecting device comprising a body portion which completely encloses the needle valve and its control mechanism, with t-he exception of one actuating element. Leakage around this actuating element is prevented by means of an improved packing which is held secure by the fuel pressure, and also by a spring. Further security against leakage is provided by a secondary packing utilizing a packing gland.

Further advantages accrue to my invention from the construction of a fuel inject mg valve from which the valve needle may be readily withdrawn without disturbing the actuating mechanism.

While I have shown a preferred form of my invention in connection with an internal combustion engine, it W111 be understood may be otherwise emplo ed and embodied within the scope of the ollowing claims.

I claim 1. In a fuel injecting device, a body portion having a chamber therein adapted to receive fuel, said chamber having an outlet adapted to discharge fuel from the chamber, a valve member lying wholly within the body portion and cooperating with the outlet, rotatable means extending outside the chamber effective for moving the valve member relative to the outlet, and packing means cooperating with the valve member moving means whereby leakage of the fuel from the body portion is prevented, said packing means comprising a beveled annular seat and a flange cooperating therewith! 2. In a fuel injecting device, a body portion having a chamber therein adapted to receive fuel under pressure, said chamber having an outlet adapted to discharge fuel from the chamber, a valve member lying wholly within said chamber, said member being effective forcontrolling the discharge of fuel from the chamber, a spring normally urging the valve member into closed relationship with the outlet, rotatable means controlling the position of said valve member relative to the outlet, and packing means cooperating with the rotatable member whereby leakage of fuel from the chamber is prevented, said packing means comprising a beveled flange and a seat cooperating therewith, the flange and seat being so disposed that the fuel pressure within the chamber urges the packing closed.

3. In a fuel injecting device, a body portion having a chamber therein ada )ted to receive fuel under pressure, said chamber having an adjustable valve seat therein adapted to discharge fuel from the chamber, a valve needle lying wholly within said chamber and cooperating with the seat, said needle being effective for controlling the discharge of fuel from the chamber, a spring normally urging the valve needle into closed relationship with the seat, rotatable means for controlling the position of said valve needle relative to the seat, and packing means cooperating with the rotatable means whereby leakage of fuel from the chamber is prevented, said packing means compristhe discharge of fuel from the chamber, a

spring normally urging the valve needle into closed relationship with the seat, rotatable means controlling the position of the valve needle relative to the seat, packing means cooperating with the rotatable means whereg by leakage of fuel from the chamber is preship.

vented, said packing means comprising aflange and an annular seat cooperating there-' with and a packing land cooperating with packing material a apted to be pressed against the rotatable means, the flange and seat being so disposed that the fuel pressure within the chamber urges the packing closed, and a sprin cooperating with the rotatable means, sai spring normally urging the flange and annular seat into closed relation- 5. Ina fuel injecting device, a body portion having a chamber therein adapted to receive fuel under pressure, said chamber having an ad'ustable valve seat 'therein adapted to discharge fuel from the chamber, a valve needle lying wholly within said chamber and cooperating with the valve seat, said needle being effective for controlling the discharge of fuel from the chamber, a spring normally urging the valve needle into closed relationship with the seat, rotatable means engaging the needle relative to the valve seat, grooves upon the needle effective for removing foreign particles from the fuel, packing means cooperating with the rotatable means whereby leakage of fuel from the chamber is prevented, said packing means comprising a flan e and an. annular seat cooperating therewith and a packing gland cooperating with packing material adapted to be presse against the rotatable means, the flange and annular seat being so dis osed that the fuel pressure within the chain r urges the packing closed, and a spring cooperating with the rotatable means whereby the flange and seat are urged into closed relationship.

6. In a fuel injecting device, a b0 y portion having a chamber thereinadapted to receive fuel under pressure, electrical means efiective for applying heat to the "body portion whereby at least a portion of the fuel contained therein is vaporized, an adjustable valve seat in the body portion adapted to discharge fuel'from the chamber, a valve needle lying whollywithin said chamber and cooperating with the valve seat, said needle I being effective for controlling the discharge of fuel from the chamber, a spring normally urging the valve needleinto closed relationship with the seat, rotatable means engaging the needle within the body portion and effective for moving the needle relative to the valve seat, grooves upon the needle efiective for removing foreign particles from the fuel, packing means'cooperating with the rotatable means whereby leakage of fuel from the chamber is prevented, sald packing means comprising a flan e and an annular seat cooperating therew1th and a packing gland cooperating with packing material adapted to be pressed against the rotatable means, the flange and annular seat being so disposed that the fuel ressure within the chamber urges the packlng closed, and a spring cooperating with the rotatable means whereby the flange and seat are urged into closed relationship.

7. In a fuel injecting device, a body port on having a chamber therein adapted to re- 3 celve fuel under pressure, electrical means effective for applying heat to the body portion whereb at least a portion of the fuel contained t erein is vaporized, insulating means enclosing said heat applying means,

an adjustable valve seat in said body portion adapted to discharge fuel from the chamber,

a valve needle lying wholly within said chamber and cooperating with the valve seat, said needle being effective for controlling the 'discharge offuel from the chamber, a sprin normally urging the valve needle into close 'relationship with the seat, rotatable means engagin the needle within the body portion and e ective' for moving the needle relative to the valve seat, grooves upon 'the needle effective for removing foreign particles from the fuel, packing means cooperating with the rotatable means whereby leakage of fuel from the chamber is prevented, sald packing means comprising a flange and an' annular seat cooperating therewith and a packing gland cooperating with packing material adapted to be pressed agalnst the rotatable means, the flange and annular seat being so disposed that the fuel pressure within the chamber ,urges the packing closed, and a spring cooperating with the rotatable means whereby the flange and seat are urged into closed relationshi In testimony, whereof I have ereunto set my hand.

CHRISTIAN H. KENNEWEG. 

